9  Measurement Bias and “Noncausal” Diagrams

[1] 1.61416 1.17402 1.02173 0.05513 0.84015

9.1 Measurement error

9.2 The structure of measurement error

9.3 Mismeasured confounders and colliders

9.4 Causal diagrams without mismeasured variables?

9.5 Many proposed causal diagrams include noncausal arrows

9.6 Does it matter that many proposed diagrams include noncausal arrows?